Associate Director of Research
David Greenhalgh, M.D.
Chief of Burns, SHCNC
Professor & Chief of Surgery, UCDMC
2425 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817
(916) 453-2050
dggreenhalgh (at) ucdavis.edu
Education
- Hamilton College BA Chemistry, 1977
- SUNY Upstate Medical Center, MD 1981
Research Interests
Glucocorticoids and the glucocorticoid receptor in response to injury, innate immunity and scar formation.
We want to know why people with similar burns can have such radically different responses to injury. Even among siblings, one person may recover quickly while another may suffer multiple setbacks and an extended hospital stay.
We think one answer may lie in the naturally occurring variations in the glucocorticoid receptor, an important component of the burn/stress response. In our research, we work with the clinical staff to look at whether these normally silent differences can affect a burn child’s prognosis and recovery. We hope that this will help us tailor our care so each child has the best chance of recovery.
- Understand why patients respond differently to injury and treatment
- Identify differences in the glucocorticoid receptor and how they affect prognosis
- Create novel treatment regimens that are tailored to each individual patient
2019
Lipopolysaccharide Stress Induces Cryptic Exon Splice Variants of the Human Glucocorticoid Receptor. Shock. 2019 12; 52(6):590-597.Green TL, Leventhal SM, Lim D, Cho K, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 30676498.
Clinical and Socioeconomic Differences in Methamphetamine-Positive Burn Patients. J Burn Care Res. 2019 10 16; 40(6):734-742.Solomon EA, Greenhalgh DG, Sen S, Palmieri TL, Romanowski KS. PMID: 31309978. Download PDF
Inhalation Injury Does Not Influence the Amount of Blood Transfused to Major Burn Patients: A Secondary Analysis from the Transfusion Requirement in Burn Care Evaluation Study. J Burn Care Res. 2019 10 16; 40(6):757-762.Cartotto R, Taylor SL, Holmes JH, Arnoldo B, Peck M, Cochran A, Col BTK, Bhavsar D, Tredget EE, Stapelberg F, Friedman B, Mozingo D, Greenhalgh D, Pollock BH, Palmieri TL. PMID: 31314106. Download PDF
Neuropathy May Be an Independent Risk Factor for Amputation After Lower-Extremity Burn in Adults With Diabetes. Clin Diabetes. 2019 Oct; 37(4):352-356.Sen S, Barsun A, Romanowski K, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D. PMID: 31660008.
Pressure Injury in the Critically Ill Elderly Patient. Current Geriatrics Reports. 2019 Sep 1; 8(3):167-172.David G. Greenhalgh. Download PDF
Management of Burns. N Engl J Med. 2019 06 13; 380(24):2349-2359.Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 31189038. Download PDF
The frailty tipping point: Determining which patients are targets for intervention in a burn population. Burns. 2019 08; 45(5):1051-1056.Romanowski K, Curtis E, Barsun A, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D, Sen S. PMID: 31079960.
Cervical Spine Injury in Burned Trauma Patients: Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes. J Burn Care Res. 2019 04 26; 40(3):263-268.Galganski LA, Cox JA, Greenhalgh DG, Sen S, Romanowski KS, Palmieri TL. PMID: 30801641. Download PDF
Uncovering a multitude of human glucocorticoid receptor variants: an expansive survey of a single gene. BMC Genet. 2019 02 08; 20(1):16.Leventhal SM, Lim D, Green TL, Cantrell AE, Cho K, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 30736733. Download PDF
Current Trends in Practice for Early Mobility with the Burn Population. J Burn Care Res. 2019 01 01; 40(1):29-33.Parry I, Sen S, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D. PMID: 30351404. Download PDF
2018
The Effects of Storage Age of Blood in Massively Transfused Burn Patients: A Secondary Analysis of the Randomized Transfusion Requirement in Burn Care Evaluation Study. Crit Care Med. 2018 12; 46(12):e1097-e1104.Cartotto R, Taylor SL, Holmes JH, Peck M, Cochran A, King BT, Bhavsar D, Tredget EE, Mozingo D, Greenhalgh D, Pollock BH, Palmieri TL. PMID: 30234568. Download PDF
Building the Burn Physician Workforce for the 21st Century: Report From February 2014 Burns Workforce Conference. J Burn Care Res. 2018 10 23; 39(6):853-857.Cochran A, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 29771369. Download PDF
High-Dose Ascorbic Acid for Burn Shock Resuscitation May Not Improve Outcomes. J Burn Care Res. 2018 08 17; 39(5):708-712.Lin J, Falwell S, Greenhalgh D, Palmieri T, Sen S. PMID: 29931212. Download PDF
Frailty Is Associated With Mortality in Patients Aged 50 Years and Older. J Burn Care Res. 2018 08 17; 39(5):703-707.Romanowski KS, Curtis E, Palmieri TL, Greenhalgh DG, Sen S. PMID: 29931161. Download PDF
A Comparative Study of the ReCell® Device and Autologous Spit-Thickness Meshed Skin Graft in the Treatment of Acute Burn Injuries. J Burn Care Res. 2018 08 17; 39(5):694-702.Holmes Iv JH, Molnar JA, Carter JE, Hwang J, Cairns BA, King BT, Smith DJ, Cruse CW, Foster KN, Peck MD, Sood R, Feldman MJ, Jordan MH, Mozingo DW, Greenhalgh DG, Palmieri TL, Griswold JA, Dissanaike S, Hickerson WL. PMID: 29800234. Download PDF
Timing of Laparotomy and Closure in Burn Patients with Abdominal Compartment Syndrome: Effects on Survival. J Am Coll Surg. 2018 06; 226(6):1175-1180.Ramirez JI, Sen S, Palmieri TL, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 29605724. Download PDF
2017
Defining Sepsis in Burn Patients: Still a Long Way to Go. J Burn Care Res. 2017 Nov/Dec; 38(6):e990-e991.Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 28346298. Download PDF
Sepsis in the burn patient: a different problem than sepsis in the general population. Burns Trauma. 2017; 5:23.Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 28795054. Download PDF
A Tri-Nucleotide Pattern in a 3′ UTR Segment Affects The Activity of a Human Glucocorticoid Receptor Isoform. Shock. 2017 02; 47(2):148-157.Green TL, Leventhal SM, Lim D, Cho K, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 27660999.
2016
Colloids in Acute Burn Resuscitation. Crit Care Clin. 2016 Oct; 32(4):507-23.Cartotto R, Greenhalgh D. PMID: 27600123. Download PDF
More Than One Third of Intubations in Patients Transferred to Burn Centers are Unnecessary: Proposed Guidelines for Appropriate Intubation of the Burn Patient. J Burn Care Res. 2016 Sep-Oct; 37(5):e409-14.Romanowski KS, Palmieri TL, Sen S, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 26284640. Download PDF
A novel human glucocorticoid receptor SNP results in increased transactivation potential. Biochem Biophys Rep. 2016 Dec 18;9:140-145. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.12.003. Green TL, Tung K, Lim D, Leventhal SM, Cho K, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 28955999; PMCID: PMC5614576. Download PDF
2015
A competing risk analysis for hospital length of stay in patients with burns. JAMA Surg. 2015 May; 150(5):450-6.Taylor SL, Sen S, Greenhalgh DG, Lawless M, Curri T, Palmieri TL. PMID: 25761045. Download PDF
A primer on pigmentation. J Burn Care Res. 2015 Mar-Apr; 36(2):247-57.Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 25501768. Download PDF
Hyperactive Human Glucocorticoid Receptor Isoforms and their Implications for the Stress Response. Shock. 2015 Mar; 43(3):228-32.Lasker MV, Leventhal SM, Lim D, Green TL, Tung K, Cho K, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 25394249.
2014
Strong ion gap is associated with mortality in pediatric burn injuries. J Burn Care Res. 2014 Jul-Aug; 35(4):337-41.Sen S, Wiktor A, Berndtson A, Greenhalgh D, Palmieri T. PMID: 24823334.
Reducing postburn injury anemia in a Jehovah’s Witness patient. J Burn Care Res. 2014 Jul-Aug; 35(4):e258-61.Barsun A, Sen S, Palmieri TL, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 24121804.
Predicting resource utilization in burn treatment. J Burn Care Res. 2014 May-Jun; 35 Suppl 2:S235-46.Taylor S, Curri T, Lawless M, Sen S, Greenhalgh DG, Palmieri TL. PMID: 24642762. Download PDF
White phosphorus burns and arsenic inhalation: a toxic combination. J Burn Care Res. 2014 Mar-Apr; 35(2):e128-31.Berndtson AE, Fagin A, Sen S, Greenhalgh DG, Palmieri TL. PMID: 24503966.
Divergent and dynamic activity of endogenous retroviruses in burn patients and their inflammatory potential. Exp Mol Pathol. 2014 Apr; 96(2):178-87.Lee KH, Rah H, Green T, Lee YK, Lim D, Nemzek J, Wahl W, Greenhalgh D, Cho K. PMID: 24509167. Download PDF
Redefining the outcomes to resources ratio for burn patient triage in a mass casualty. J Burn Care Res. 2014 Jan-Feb; 35(1):41-5.Taylor S, Jeng J, Saffle JR, Sen S, Greenhalgh DG, Palmieri TL. PMID: 24270085. Download PDF
Keeping up with video game technology: objective analysis of Xbox Kinect™ and PlayStation 3 Move™ for use in burn rehabilitation. Burns. 2014 Aug; 40(5):852-9.Parry I, Carbullido C, Kawada J, Bagley A, Sen S, Greenhalgh D, Palmieri T. PMID: 24296065. Download PDF
2013
Strong ion difference and gap predict outcomes after adult burn injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013 Oct; 75(4):555-60; discussion 560-1.Berndtson AE, Palmieri TL, Greenhalgh DG, Sen S. PMID: 24064866.
Nonsurgical scar management of the face: does early versus late intervention affect outcome? J Burn Care Res. 2013 Sep-Oct; 34(5):569-75.Parry I, Sen S, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D. PMID: 23816994. Download PDF
Estimating severity of burn in children: Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) score versus Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI). Burns. 2013 Sep; 39(6):1048-53.Berndtson AE, Sen S, Greenhalgh DG, Palmieri TL. PMID: 23768709. Download PDF
Review of burn research for the year 2011. J Burn Care Res. 2013 Mar-Apr; 34(2):211-8.Sen S, Greenhalgh D, Palmieri T. PMID: 23370995.
A ten-year review of lower extremity burns in diabetics: small burns that lead to major problems. J Burn Care Res. 2013 Mar-Apr; 34(2):255-60.Barsun A, Sen S, Palmieri TL, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 22929524.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms and type of steroid impact the functional response of the human glucocorticoid receptor. J Surg Res. 2013 Mar; 180(1):27-34.Baker AC, Chew VW, Green TL, Tung K, Lim D, Cho K, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 23333190. Download PDF
Prospective comparison of packed red blood cell-to-fresh frozen plasma transfusion ratio of 4: 1 versus 1: 1 during acute massive burn excision. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013 Jan; 74(1):76-83.Palmieri TL, Greenhalgh DG, Sen S. PMID: 23271080.
Treating a collagen scaffold with a low concentration of nicotine-promoted angiogenesis and wound healing. J Surg Res. 2013 Dec; 185(2):543-4.Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 23131903. Download PDF
2012
A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in severe pediatric burn injury. J Burn Care Res. 2012 Nov-Dec; 33(6):759-63.Fagin A, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D, Sen S. PMID: 23147214. Download PDF
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy caused by severe burn injury. J Burn Care Res. 2012 Sep-Oct; 33(5):e243-6.Fagin A, Sen S, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D. PMID: 22878496. Download PDF
Review of burn research for the year 2010. J Burn Care Res. 2012 Sep-Oct; 33(5):577-86.Sen S, Greenhalgh D, Palmieri T. PMID: 22878497. Download PDF
Long-term functional outcomes in the elderly after burn injury. J Burn Care Res. 2012 Jul-Aug; 33(4):497-503.Palmieri TL, Molitor F, Chan G, Phelan E, Shier BJ, Sen S, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 22777398. Download PDF
Enhanced steroid response of a human glucocorticoid receptor splice variant. Shock. 2012 Jul; 38(1):11-7.Baker AC, Green TL, Chew VW, Tung K, Amini A, Lim D, Cho K, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 22706020. Download PDF
Interferon-gamma inhibits healing post scald burn injury. Wound Repair Regen. 2012 Jul-Aug; 20(4):580-91.Shen H, Yao P, Lee E, Greenhalgh D, Soulika AM. PMID: 22712462. Download PDF
ERE database: a database of genomic maps and biological properties of endogenous retroviral elements in the C57BL/6J mouse genome. Genomics. 2012 Sep; 100(3):157-61.Kao D, Hsu K, Chiu S, Tu V, Chew A, Lee KH, Lee YK, Kwon DN, Greenhalgh DG, Cho K. PMID: 22691267. Download PDF
Unique profile of ordered arrangements of repetitive elements in the C57BL/6J mouse genome implicating their functional roles. PLoS One. 2012; 7(4):e35156.Lee YK, Lee KH, Kim SG, Melhem R, Moon CS, Liu S, Greenhalgh DG, Cho K. PMID: 22529984. Download PDF
Commercially available interactive video games in burn rehabilitation: therapeutic potential. Burns. 2012 Jun; 38(4):493-500.Parry IS, Bagley A, Kawada J, Sen S, Greenhalgh DG, Palmieri TL. PMID: 22385641. Download PDF
The ABC daycare disaster of Hermosillo, Mexico. J Burn Care Res. 2012 Mar-Apr; 33(2):235-41.Greenhalgh DG, Chang P, Maguina P, Combs E, Sen S, Palmieri TL. PMID: 21983648. Download PDF
2011
Multiplex PCR pathogen detection in two severely burned patients with suspected septicemia. J Burn Care Res. 2011 Nov-Dec; 32(6):e172-7.Tran NK, Greenhalgh DG, Palmieri TL, Kost GJ. PMID: 21926913. Download PDF
Cerebellum-specific and age-dependent expression of an endogenous retrovirus with intact coding potential. Retrovirology. 2011 Oct 12; 8:82.Lee KH, Horiuchi M, Itoh T, Greenhalgh DG, Cho K. PMID: 21992658. Download PDF
Novel hyperactive glucocorticoid receptor isoform identified within a human population. Shock. 2011 Oct; 36(4):339-44.Tung K, Baker AC, Amini A, Green TL, Chew VW, Lim D, Nguyen ST, Yee KS, Cho K, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 21701417. Download PDF
Recombinant human thrombin: safety and immunogenicity in pediatric burn wound excision. J Pediatr Surg. 2011 Oct; 46(10):1992-9.Foster KN, Mullins RF, Greenhalgh DG, Gamelli RL, Glat P, Lentz CW, Kahn SA, Brandigi C, Fredlund P, Alexander WA. PMID: 22008340. Download PDF
Tropism, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory properties of two envelope genes of murine leukemia virus type-endogenous retroviruses of C57BL/6J mice. Mediators Inflamm. 2011; 2011:509604.Lee YK, Chew A, Greenhalgh DG, Cho K. PMID: 21772664. Download PDF
Identification of a unique library of complex, but ordered, arrays of repetitive elements in the human genome and implication of their potential involvement in pathobiology. Exp Mol Pathol. 2011 Jun; 90(3):300-11.Lee KH, Lee YK, Kwon DN, Chiu S, Chew V, Rah H, Kujawski G, Melhem R, Hsu K, Chung C, Greenhalgh DG, Cho K. PMID: 21376035. Download PDF
In Response: Car Seat Heaters as a Potential Burn Hazard: A Clarification. Journal of Burn Care & Research. 2011 Mar 1; 32(2):e35-e36.David G. Greenhalgh, Pirko Maguina, Tina L. Palmieri.
2010
Review of burn injury research for the year 2009. J Burn Care Res. 2010 Nov-Dec; 31(6):836-48.Sen S, Greenhalgh D, Palmieri T. PMID: 20966759. Download PDF
Methods and tools used for the measurement of burn scar contracture. J Burn Care Res. 2010 Nov-Dec; 31(6):888-903.Parry I, Walker K, Niszczak J, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D. PMID: 20859215. Download PDF
The effect of hand burns on quality of life in children. J Burn Care Res. 2010 May-Jun; 31(3):414-22.Dodd AR, Nelson-Mooney K, Greenhalgh DG, Beckett LA, Li Y, Palmieri TL. PMID: 20305569. Download PDF
Acute kidney injury in critically ill burn patients. Risk factors, progression and impact on mortality. Burns. 2010 Mar; 36(2):205-11.Palmieri T, Lavrentieva A, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 19836141. Download PDF
2009
An assessment of acute kidney injury with modified RIFLE criteria in pediatric patients with severe burns. Intensive Care Med. 2009 Dec; 35(12):2125-9.Palmieri T, Lavrentieva A, Greenhalgh D. PMID: 19756500. Download PDF
Experimental polymicrobial peritonitis-associated transcriptional regulation of murine endogenous retroviruses. Shock. 2009 Aug; 32(2):147-58.Cho K, Chiu S, Lee YK, Greenhalgh D, Nemzek J. PMID: 19060780. Download PDF
Cloning and characterization of endogenous retroviruses associated with postinjury stress signals in lymphoid tissues. Shock. 2009 Jul; 32(1):80-8.Kwon DN, Greenhalgh DG, Cho K. PMID: 18948849.
Recombinant thrombin: safety and immunogenicity in burn wound excision and grafting. J Burn Care Res. 2009 May-Jun; 30(3):371-9.Greenhalgh DG, Gamelli RL, Collins J, Sood R, Mozingo DW, Gray TE, Alexander WA. PMID: 19349898.
Stress-mediated increases in systemic and local epinephrine impair skin wound healing: potential new indication for beta blockers. PLoS Med. 2009 Jan 13; 6(1):e12.Sivamani RK, Pullar CE, Manabat-Hidalgo CG, Rocke DM, Carlsen RC, Greenhalgh DG, Isseroff RR. PMID: 19143471. Download PDF
Inhalation injury in children: a 10 year experience at Shriners Hospitals for Children. J Burn Care Res. 2009 Jan-Feb; 30(1):206-8.Palmieri TL, Warner P, Mlcak RP, Sheridan R, Kagan RJ, Herndon DN, Tompkins R, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 19060756. Download PDF
Are topical antimicrobials effective against bacteria that are highly resistant to systemic antibiotics? J Burn Care Res. 2009 Jan-Feb; 30(1):19-29.Neely AN, Gardner J, Durkee P, Warden GD, Greenhalgh DG, Gallagher JJ, Herndon DN, Tompkins RG, Kagan RJ. PMID: 19060725.
Studies of inhaled agents in inhalation injury. J Burn Care Res. 2009 Jan-Feb; 30(1):169-71.Palmieri TL, Enkhbaatar P, Sheridan R, Traber DL, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 19060743. Download PDF
Steroids in the treatment of smoke inhalation injury. J Burn Care Res. 2009 Jan-Feb; 30(1):165-9.Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 19060744. Download PDF
Potential studies in extubation adjuncts after inhalation injury. J Burn Care Res. 2009 Jan-Feb; 30(1):199-200.Greenhalgh DG, Warner P. PMID: 19060762. Download PDF
2008
Cosegregation of CD14 locus and polymorphic alleles of glucocorticoid receptor and protocadherins into CD14 knockout mouse genome. Shock. 2008 Jun; 29(6):724-32.Cho K, Hsu K, Kwon DN, Green T, Lim D, Lee YK, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 18004229.
The effect of CAG repeat length polymorphism in the murine glucocorticoid receptor on transactivation potential. Exp Mol Pathol. 2008 Jun; 84(3):200-5.Yee KS, Cho K, Green T, Chandler J, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 18538320. Download PDF
Efficacy and safety of a fibrin sealant for adherence of autologous skin grafts to burn wounds: results of a phase 3 clinical study. J Burn Care Res. 2008 Mar-Apr; 29(2):293-303.Foster K, Greenhalgh D, Gamelli RL, Mozingo D, Gibran N, Neumeister M, Abrams SZ, Hantak E, Grubbs L, Ploder B, Schofield N, Riina LH. PMID: 18354285. Download PDF
Genome-wide expression profiles of endogenous retroviruses in lymphoid tissues and their biological properties. Virology. 2008 Apr 10; 373(2):263-73.Lee YK, Chew A, Phan H, Greenhalgh DG, Cho K. PMID: 18187179. Download PDF
Pediatric soup scald burn injury: etiology and prevention. J Burn Care Res. 2008 Jan-Feb; 29(1):114-8.Palmieri TL, Alderson TS, Ison D, O’Mara MS, Sharma R, Bubba A, Coombs E, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 18182907. Download PDF
Analysis of admissions and outcomes in verified and nonverified burn centers. J Burn Care Res. 2008 Jan-Feb; 29(1):208-12.Palmieri TL, London JA, O’Mara MS, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 18182924. Download PDF
2007
Hand burns. J Burn Care Res. 2007 Jul-Aug; 28(4):607-10.Kowalske KJ, Greenhalgh DG, Ward SR. PMID: 17514030. Download PDF
Burn resuscitation. J Burn Care Res. 2007 Jul-Aug; 28(4):555-65.Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 17665515. Download PDF
Cutaneous wound healing. J Burn Care Res. 2007 Jul-Aug; 28(4):577-9.Gibran NS, Boyce S, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 17665518. Download PDF
Comparison of fibrin sealant and staples for attaching split-thickness autologous sheet grafts in patients with deep partial- or full-thickness burn wounds: a phase 1/2 clinical study. J Burn Care Res. 2007 May-Jun; 28(3):401-8.Gibran N, Luterman A, Herndon D, Lozano D, Greenhalgh DG, Grubbs L, Schofield N, Hantak E, Callahan JD, Schiestl N, Riina LH. PMID: 17438504. Download PDF
Effects of a restrictive blood transfusion policy on outcomes in children with burn injury. J Burn Care Res. 2007 Jan-Feb; 28(1):65-70.Palmieri TL, Lee T, O’Mara MS, Greenhalgh DG. PMID: 17211202. Download PDF