Associate Director of Research
David Greenhalgh, M.D.
Chief of Burns, SHCNC
Professor & Chief of Surgery, UCDMC
2425 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817
(916) 453-2050
dggreenhalgh (at) ucdavis.edu
Education
- Hamilton College BA Chemistry, 1977
- SUNY Upstate Medical Center, MD 1981
Research Interests
Glucocorticoids and the glucocorticoid receptor in response to injury, innate immunity and scar formation.
Current Research:
We want to know why people with similar burns can have such radically different responses to injury. Even among siblings, one person may recover quickly while another may suffer multiple setbacks and an extended hospital stay.
We think one answer may lie in the naturally occurring variations in the glucocorticoid receptor, an important component of the burn/stress response. In our research, we work with the clinical staff to look at whether these normally silent differences can affect a burn child’s prognosis and recovery. We hope that this will help us tailor our care so each child has the best chance of recovery.
- Understand why patients respond differently to injury and treatment
- Identify differences in the glucocorticoid receptor and how they affect prognosis
- Create novel treatment regimens that are tailored to each individual patient
Noteworthy Publications
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| Lipopolysaccharide stress induces cryptic exon splice variants of the human glucocorticoid receptor. Shock 52: 590-597, 2019. | Green TL, Leventhal SM, Lim D, Cho K, Greenhalgh DG. |
2019 |
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| Inhalation injury does not influence the amount of blood transfused to major burn patients: A secondary analysis from the Transfusion Requirement in Burn Care Evaluation Study. J Burn Care Res 40: 757-762, 2019. | Cartotto R, Taylor SL, Holmes JH IV, Arnoldo B, Peck M, Cochran A, King BT, Bhavsar D, Tredget EE, Stapelberg F, Friedman B, Mozingo D, Greenhalgh D, Pollock BH, Palmieri TL |
2019 |
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| Clinical and socioeconomic differences in methamphetamine-positive burn patients. J Burn Care Res 40: 734-742, 2019. | Solomon EA, Greenhalgh DG, Sen S, Palmieri TL, Romanowski KS. |
2019 |
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| Neuropathy may be an independent risk factor for amputation after lower-extremity burn in adults with diabetes. Clinical Diabetes 37: 352-356, 2019. | Sen S, Barsun A, Romanowski K, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D. |
2019 |
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| The frailty tipping point: Determining which patients are targets for intervention in a burn population. Burns 45:1051-1056, 2019. | Romanowski R, Curtis E, Barsun A, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D, Sen S. |
2019 |
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| Cervical spine injury in burned trauma patients: Incidence, predictors and outcomes. J Burn Care Res 40: 263-268, 2019. | Galganski LA, Cox JA, Greenhalgh DG, Sen S, Romanowski KS, Palmieri TL. |
2019 |
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| Management of burns. N Engl J Med 380: 2349-2359, 2019. | Greenhalgh DG. |
2019 |
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| Pressure injury in the critically ill elderly patient. Curr Geri Rep 2019 Jun 7: https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s13670-019-00289-3. | Greenhalgh DG. |
2019 |
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| Uncovering a multitude of human glucocorticoid receptor variants: An expansive survey of a single gene. BMC Genet 2019 Feb 8;20(1):16. doi : 10.1186s12863-019-0718-z. | Leventhal SM, Lim D, Green TL, Cantrell AE, Cho K, Greenhalgh DG. |
2019 |
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| Early clinical complete blood count changes in severe burn injuries. Burns 45: 97-102, 2019. | Sen S, Hsei L, Tran N, Romanowski K, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D, Cho K. |
2019 |
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| Current trends in practice for early mobility with the burn population. J Burn Care Res 40: 29-33, 2019. | Parry I, Sen S, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D. |
2019 |
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| The effects of storage age of blood in massively transfused burn patients: A secondary analysis of the randomized transfusion requrement in burn care evaluation study. Crit Care Med 46: e1097-e1104, 2018. | Cartotto R, Taylor SL, Holmes JH IV, Peck M, Cochran A, King BT, Bhavsar D, Tredget EE, Mozingo D, Greenhalgh D, Pollock BH, Palmieri TL. |
2018 |
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| Building the burn physician workforce for the 21st century: Report from the February 2014 Burns Workforce Conference. J Burn Care Res 39:853-857, 2018. | Cochran A, Greenhalgh DG. |
2018 |
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| Fetal bovine dermis as an alternative to allograft in large burn injuries. Burns Open 2: 178-180, 2018. | Sen S, Hsei L, Romanowski K, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D. |
2018 |
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| High-dose ascorbic acid for burn shock resuscitation may not improve outcomes. J Burn Care Res 39: 708-712, 2018. | Lin J, Falwell S, Greenhalgh D, Palmieri T, Sen S. |
2018 |
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| Frailty is associated with mortality in patients aged 50 years and older. J Burn Care Res 39: 703-707, 2018. | Romanowski KS, Curtis E, Palmieri TL, Greenhalgh DG, Sen S. |
2018 |
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| A comparative study of ReCell device and autologous split-thickness meshed skin graft in the treatment of acute burn injuries. J Burn Care Res 39: 694-702, 2018. | Holmes JH, IV, Molnar JA, Carter JE, Hwang J, Cairns BA, King BT, Smith DJ, Cruse CW, Foster KN, Peck MD, Sood R, Feldman MJ, Jordan MH, Mozingo DW, Greenhalgh DG, Palmieri TL, Griswold JA, Dissanaike S, Hickerson WL |
2018 |
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| Timing of laparotomy and closure in burn patients with abdominal compartment syndrome: Effects on survival. J Am Coll Surg 226: 1175-1180, 2018. | Ramirez JI, Sen S, Palmieri TL, Greenhalgh DG. |
2018 |
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| Sepsis in the burn patient: a different problem than sepsis in the general population. Burns Trauma. 5:23. | Greenhalgh DG. |
2017 |
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| Defining Sepsis in Burn Patients: Still a Long Way to Go. J Burn Care Res. 38(6):e990-e991. | Greenhalgh DG. |
2017 |
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| A Tri-Nucleotide Pattern in a 3′ UTR Segment Affects The Activity of a Human Glucocorticoid Receptor Isoform. Shock. 47(2):148-157. | Green TL, Leventhal SM, Lim D, Cho K, Greenhalgh DG. |
2017 |
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| A novel human glucocorticoid receptor SNP results in increased transactivation potential. Biochem Biophys Rep. 9:140-145. | Green TL, Tung K, Lim D, Leventhal SM, Cho K, Greenhalgh DG. |
2016 |
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| Colloids in Acute Burn Resuscitation. Crit Care Clin. 32(4):507-23. | Cartotto R, Greenhalgh D. |
2016 |
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| More Than One Third of Intubations in Patients Transferred to Burn Centers are Unnecessary: Proposed Guidelines for Appropriate Intubation of the Burn Patient. J Burn Care Res. 37(5):e409-14. | Romanowski KS, Palmieri TL, Sen S, Greenhalgh DG. |
2016 |
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| A primer on pigmentation. J Burn Care Res. 36(2):247-57. | Greenhalgh DG. |
2015 |
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| A competing risk analysis for hospital length of stay in patients with burns. JAMA Surg. 150(5):450-6. | Taylor SL, Sen S, Greenhalgh DG, Lawless M, Curri T, Palmieri TL. |
2015 |
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| Hyperactive Human Glucocorticoid Receptor Isoforms and Their Implications for the Stress Response. Shock. 43(3):228-32. | Lasker MV, Leventhal SM, Lim D, Green TL, Tung K, Cho K, Greenhalgh DG. |
2015 |
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| Redefining the outcomes to resources ratio for burn patient triage in a mass casualty. J Burn Care Res 35: 41-45, 2014. | Taylor S, Jeng J, Saffle JR, Sen S, Greenhalgh DG, Palmieri TL. |
2014 |
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| White phosphorus burns and arsenic inhalation: a toxic combination. J Burn Care Res 35: e128-e131, 2014. | Berndtson AE, Fagin A, Sen S, Greenhalgh DG, Palmieri TL. |
2014 |
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| Divergent and dynamic activity of endogenous retroviruses in burn patients and their inflammatory potential. Exp Mol Pathol 96: 178-187, 2014. | Lee K-H, Rah H, Green T, Lee Y-W, Lim D, Nemzek J, Wahl W, Greenhalgh D, Cho K. |
2014 |
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| Predicting resource utilization in burn treatment. J Burn Care Res 35: S235-S245, 2014. | Taylor S, Curri T, Lawless M, Sen S, Greenhalgh DG, Palmieri TL. |
2014 |
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| Strong ion gap is associated with mortality in pediatric burn patients. J Burn Care Res 35: 337-341, 2014. | Sen S, Wiktor A, Berndtson A, Greenhalgh D, Palmieri T. |
2014 |
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| Reducing postburn injury anemia in a Jehovah’s Witness patient. J Burn Care Res 35: e258-e261, 2014. | Barsun A, Sen S, Palmieri TL, Greenhalgh DG. |
2014 |
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| Keeping up with the video game technology: Objective analysis of Xbox Kinect and PlayStation 3 Move for use in burn rehabilitation. Burns 40: 852-859, 2014. | Parry I, Carbullido C, Kawada J, Bagley A, Sen S, Greenhalgh D, Palmieri T. |
2014 |
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| Review of Burn Research for the year 2011. J Burn Care Res 34: 211-218, 2013. | Sen S, Greenhalgh D, Palmieri T. |
2013 |
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| Burn Wound Healing Outcomes (In the American Burn Association Consensus Statements). J Burn Care Res 34: 381-385 (overall 361-385), 2013. | Singer AJ, Ahrenholz DH, Chang P, Clark RAF, Fey R, Fidler P, Garner W, Greenhalgh D, Honari S, Jones L, Kagan R, Kirby J, Leggett J, Meyer N, Reigart C, Richey K, Rosenberg L, Weber J, Wiggins B, Boyce ST. |
2013 |
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| Estimating severity of burn in chilren: Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) score versus Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI). Burns 39: 1048-1053, 2013. | Berndtson AE, Sen S, Greenhalgh DG, Palmieri TL. |
2013 |
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| Parry I, Sen S, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D. Nonsurgical scar management of the face: Does early versus late intervention affect outcome? J Burn Care Res 34: 569-575, 2013. |
2013 |
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| Strong ion difference and gap predict outcomes after adult burn injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 75(4):555-61. | Berndtson AE, Palmieri TL, Greenhalgh DG, Sen S. |
2013 |
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| A ten-year experience with pediatric face grafts. J Burn Care Res. 34(5):576-84. | Greenhalgh DG, Hinchcliff K, Sen S, Palmieri TL. |
2013 |
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| Single nucleotide polymorphisms and type of steroid impact the functional response of the human glucocorticoid receptor. J Surg Res. S0022-4804(12)01965-8. | Baker AC, Chew VW, Green TL, Tung K, Lim D, Cho K, Greenhalgh DG. |
2013 |
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| Prospective comparison of packed red blood cell-to-fresh frozen plasma transfusion ratio of 4: 1 versus 1: 1 during acute massive burn excision. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 74(1):76-83. | Palmieri TL, Greenhalgh DG, Sen S. |
2013 |
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| Commercially available interactive video games in burn rehabilitation: therapeutic potential. Burns. 2012;38:493-500. | Parry IS, Bagley A, Kawanda J, Sen S, Greenhalgh DG, Palmieri TL. |
2012 |
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| Unique profile of ordered arrangements of repetitive elements in the C57BL/6J mouse genome implicating their functional roles. PLoS One 7(4): e35156. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035156, 2012. | Lee Y-K, Lee K-H, Kim S-G, Melhem R, Moon C-S, Liu S, Greenhalgh DG, Cho K. |
2012 |
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| Review of burn research for the year 2010. J Burn Care Res. 2012:33:577-86. | Sen S, Greenhalgh D, Palmieri T. |
2012 |
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| ERE database: A database of genomic maps and biological properties of endogenous retroviral elements in the C57BL/6J mouse genome. Genomics 100: 157-161, 2012. | Kao D, Hsu K, Chiu S, Tu V, Chew A, Lee K-H, Lee Y-K, Kwon D-N, Greenhalgh DG, Cho K. |
2012 |
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| A 10-year review of lower extremity burns in diabetics: small burns that lead to major problems. J Burn Care Res. 2012. | Barsun A, Sen S. Palmieri TL, Greenhalgh DG. |
2012 |
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| A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in severe pediatric burn injury. J Burn Care Res. 2012;33:759-63. | Fagin A, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D, Sen S. |
2012 |
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| Harnessing the Transparent Face Orthosis for facial scar management: A comparison of methods. Burns. S0305-4179(12)00373-7. | Parry I, Hanley C, Niszczak J, Sen S, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D. |
2012 |
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| A comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedation in severe pediatric burn injury. J Burn Care Res. 33(6):759-63. | Fagin A, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D, Sen S. |
2012 |
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| Treating a collagen scaffold with a low concentration of nicotine-promoted angiogenesis and wound healing. J Surg Res. S0022-4804(12)00909-2. | Greenhalgh DG. |
2012 |
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| Takotsubo cardiomyopathy caused by severe burn injury. J Burn Care Res. 33(5):e243-6. | Fagin A, Sen S, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D. |
2012 |
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| Long-term functional outcomes in the elderly after burn injury. J Burn Care Res. 33(4):497-503. | Palmieri TL, Molitor F, Chan G, Phelan E, Shier BJ, Sen S, Greenhalgh DG. |
2012 |
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| Interferon-gamma inhibits healing post scald burn injury. Wound Repair Regen. 20(4):580-91. | Shen H, Yao P, Lee E, Greenhalgh D, Soulika AM. |
2012 |
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| Enhanced steroid response of a human glucocorticoid receptor splice variant. Shock. 38(1):11-7. | Baker AC, Green TL, Chew VW, Tung K, Amini A, Lim D, Cho K, Greenhalgh DG. |
2012 |
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| The ABC Daycare Disaster of Hermosillo, Mexico. J Burn Care Res. Mar-Apr;33(2):235-41. | Greenhalgh DG, Chang P, Maguina P, Combs E, Sen S, Palmieri TL. |
2012 |
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| Multiplex polymerase chain reaction pathogen detection in patients with suspected septicemia after trauma, emergency, and burn surgery. Surgery. Mar;151(3):456-63. | Tran NK, Wisner DH, Albertson TE, Cohen S, Greenhalgh D, Palmieri TL, Polage C, Kost GJ. |
2012 |
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| Response to: Car Seat Heaters as a Potential Burn Hazard: A Clarification. J Burn Care Res. 2011. | Greenhalgh DG, Maguina P, Palmieri TL. |
2011 |
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| Herpes Simplex Activation Prolongs Recovery From Severe Burn Injury and Increases Bacterial Infection Risk. J Burn Care Res. 2011 Nov 10. | Sen S, Szoka N, Phan H, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D. |
2011 |
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| Surfactant Therapy for Acute Respiratory Distress in Severe Pediatric Burn Injury: A Case Series. J Burn Care Res. 2011 Nov 10. | Sen S, Tung K, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D. |
2011 |
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| Multiplex PCR pathogen detection in two severely burned patients with suspected septicemia. J Burn Care Res. Nov-Dec;32(6):e172-7. | Tran NK, Greenhalgh DG, Palmieri TL, Kost GJ. |
2011 |
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| Recombinant human thrombin: safety and immunogenicity in pediatric burn wound excision. J Pediatr Surg. Oct;46(10):1992-9. | Foster KN, Mullins RF, Greenhalgh DG, Gamelli RL, Glat P, Lentz CW, Kahn SA, Brandigi C, Fredlund P, Alexander WA. |
2011 |
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| Novel hyperactive glucocorticoid receptor isoform identified within a human population. Shock Oct;36(4):339-44. | Tung K, Baker AC, Amini A, Green TL, Chew VW, Lim D, Nguyen ST, Yee KS, Cho K, Greenhalgh DG. |
2011 |
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| Cerebellum-specific and age-dependent expression of an endogenous retrovirus with intact coding potential. Retrovirology Oct 12;8:82. | Lee KH, Horiuchi M, Itoh T, Greenhalgh DG, Cho K. |
2011 |
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| Tropism, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory properties of two envelope genes of murine leukemia virus type-endogenous retroviruses of C57BL/6J mice. Mediators Inflamm. 2011;2011:509604. | Lee Y-K, Chew A, Greenhalgh DG, Cho K. |
2011 |
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| Identification of a unique library of complex, but ordered, arrays of repetitive elements in the human genome and implication of their potential involvement in pathobiology. Exp Mol Pathol 90: 300-311. | Lee K-H, Lee Y-K, Kwon D-N, Chiu S, Chew V, Rah H, Kujawski G, Melhem R, Hsu K, Chung C, Greenhalgh DG, Cho K. |
2011 |
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| Methods and tools used for the measurement of burn scar contracture. J Burn Care Res 31: 888-903. | Parry I, Walker K, Niszczak J, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D. |
2010 |
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| Review of Burn Injury Research for the Year 2009. J Burn Care Res 31: 836-848. | Sen S, Greenhalgh D, Palmieri T. |
2010 |
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| The effect of hand burns on quality of life in children. J Burn Care Res 31: 414-422, 201. | Dodd AR, Nelson-Mooney K, Greenhalgh DG, Beckett LA, Li Y, Palmieri TL. |
2010 |
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| Acute kidney injury in critically ill burn patients. Risk factors, progression and impact on mortality. Burns 36: 205-211. | Palmieri T, Lavrentieva A, Greenhalgh DG. |
2010 |
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| An assessment of acute kidney injury with modifed RIFLE criteria in pediatric patients with severe burns. Intensive Care Med 35: 2125-2129. | Palmieri T, Lavrentieva A, Greenhalgh D. |
2009 |
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| Experimental polymicrobial peritonitis-associated transcriptional regulation of murine endogenous retroviruses. Shock 32: 147-158. | Cho K, Chiu S, Lee Y-K, Greenhalgh D, Nemzek J. |
2009 |
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| Stress-mediated increases in systemic and local epinephrine impair skin wound healing. PLoS Med 6: e1000012(1-11), 2009. | Sivamani RK, Pullar CE, Manabat-Hidalgo CG, Rocke DM, Carlsen RC, Greenhalgh DG, Isseroff RR. |
2009 |
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| Are topical antimicrobials effective against bacteria that are highly resistant to systemic antibiotics? J Burn Care Res 30: 19-29, 2009. | Neely AN, Gardner J, Durkee P, Warden GD, Greenhalgh DG, Gallagher JJ, Herndon DN, Tompkins RG, Kagan RJ. |
2009 |
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| Steroids in the treatment of smoke inhalation injury. J Burn Care Res 30: 165-169, 2009. | Greenhalgh DG. |
2009 |
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| Studies of inhaled agents in inhalation injury. J Burn Care Res 30: 169-171, 2009. | Palmieri TL, Enkhbaatar P, Sheridan R, Traber DL, Greenhalgh DG. |
2009 |
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| Potential studies in extubation adjuncts after inhalation injury. J Burn Care Res 30: 199-200, 2009. | Greenhalgh DG, Warner P. |
2009 |
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| Inhalation injury in children: A 10 year experience at Shriners Hospitals for Children. J Burn Care Res 30: 206-208, 2009. | Palmieri TL, Warner P, Mlcak RP, Sheridan R, Kagan RJ, Herndon DN, Tompkins R, Greenhalgh DG. |
2009 |
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| Recombinant thrombin: Safety and immunogenicity in burn wound excision and grafting. J Burn Care Res 30: 371-379, 2009. | Greenhalgh DG, Gamelli RL, Collins J, Sood R, Mozingo DW, Gray TE, Alexander WA. |
2009 |
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| Cloning and characterization of endogenous retroviruses associated with postinjury stress signals in lymph tissues. Shock 32: 80-88, 2009. | Kwon D-N, Greenhalgh DG, Cho K. |
2009 |
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| Cosegregation of CD14 locus and polymorphic alleles of glucocorticoid receptor and protocadherins into CD14 knockout mouse genome. Shock Jun;29(6):724-32. | Cho K, Hsu K, Kwon DN, Green T, Lim D, Lee YK, Greenhalgh DG. |
2008 |
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| The effect of CAG repeat length polymorphism in the murine glucocorticoid receptor on transactivation potential. Exp Mol Pathol. 2008 Jun;84(3):200-5. | Yee KS, Cho K, Green T, Chandler J, Greenhalgh DG. |
2008 |
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| Steroids and extubation: The potential for clinical trials. J Burn Care Res 30: 196-197, 2009. | Greenhalgh DG. |
2008 |
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| Analysis of admissions and outcomes of verified and nonverified burn centers. J Burn Care Res 29: 208-212, 2008. | Palmieri TL, London JA, O’Mara MS, Greenhalgh DG. |
2008 |
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| Pediatric soup scald burn injury: Etiology and prevention. J Burn Care Res 29: 114-118, 2008. | Palmieri TL, Alderson TS, Ison D, O’Mara MS, Sharma R, Bubba A, Coombs E, Greenhalgh DG. |
2008 |
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| Genome-wide expression profiles of endogenous retroviruses in lymphoid tissues and their biological properties. Virology 373(2):263-273. | Lee, Y. K., A. Chew, H. Phan, D. G. Greenhalgh, and K. Cho. |
2008 |
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| Participating Members of the Multicenter Trials Group of the American Burn Association. Positive fungal cultures in burn patients: A multicenter review. J Burn Care Res 29: 213-221, 2008. | Ballard J, Edelman L, Saffle J, Sheridan R, Kagan R, Bracco D, Cancio L, Cairns B, Baker R, Fillari P, Wibbenmeyer L, Voight D, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D, Kemalyan N, Caruso D. |
2008 |
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| Efficacy and safety of a fibrin sealant for adherence of autologous skin grafts to burn wounds: Results of a phase 3 clinical study. J Burn Care Res 29: 293-303, 2008. | Foster K, Greenhalgh D, Gamelli RL, Mozingo D, Gibran N, Neumeister M, Abrams SZ, Hantak E, Grubbs L, Ploder B, Schofield N, Riina LH, and the FS 4IU VH S/D Clinical Study Group. |
2008 |
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| Effects of a restrictive blood transfusion policy on outcomes in children with burn injury. J Burn Care Res 28: 65-70, 2007. | Palmieri TL, Lee T, O’Mara MS, Greenhalgh DG. |
2007 |
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| Comparison of fibrin sealant and staples for attaching split-thickness autologous sheet grafts in patients with deep partial- or full-thickness burn wounds: A phase 1 / 2 clinical study. J Burn Care Res 28: 401-408, 2007. | Gibran N, Luterman A, Herndon D, Lozano D, Greenhalgh DG, Grubbs L, Schofield N, Hantak E, Callahan JD, Schiestl N, Riina LH, and the FS 4IU Clinical Study Group. |
2007 |
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| Burn Resuscitation. J Burn Care Res 28: 555-565, 2007 | Greenhalgh DG. |
2007 |
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| Cutaneous wound healing. J Burn Care Res 28: 577-579, 2007. | Gibran NS, Boyce S, Greenhalgh DG. |
2007 |
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| Hand Burns. J Burn Care Res 28: 607-610, 2007. | Kowalske KJ, Greenhalgh DG, Ward SR. |
2007 |